 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overwater Navigation
Chances are that your first cross-country flight in Hawaii will also be
your first extended overwater flight. Overwater flying is more demanding
than flying over land due to the lack of enroute landmarks, but if you
plan your flight carefully and take advantage of the state's VOR facilities,
the navigating should still be relatively easy.
To reduce the possibility of major errors,
take a few steps to ensure that your navigational instruments are giving
you accurate information. Conduct a VOR check while in the runup area.
At Honolulu International, you can use the VOR test frequency of 111.0
MHz, and at other airports use ground checkpoints. Of course your VOR
must be tuned to the correct frequency to give accurate information inflight,
and the best way to double-check the frequency is to listen to the station
identifier. Check your compass against runway heading when in position
and holding. Yes, even your faithful friend the compass can lie. Sometimes
a radio will become magnetized and pull the compass 30 degrees or more
away from an accurate reading. Excessive compass deviations can also be
caused by metal objects placed near the compass. Finally, compare the
reading of your heading indicator to that of your compass frequently throughout
the flight.
While enroute between islands, and particularly
when heading toward Kauai, beware of “phantom Islands.” A group of clouds
and their shadows below can sometimes look amazingly like an island when
seen from a distance, and if you change your course and pursue one of
these phantom islands you'll have about as much chance of finding land
as a thirsty desert traveler would have catching a mirage. Instead, continue
on your planned heading and use the VOR to confirm that you're flying
in the right direction. If your estimated time of arrival comes up and
the island still isn't in sight, or if your VOR indicator shows indications
that you're not expecting, it's time to seek help.